Midnight madrasa raid irks AP clergy

August 2007
By Syed Akbar
Hyderabad, Aug. 30: Madrasas have accused the Congress government of being anti-Muslim after police raided a well-known Islamic seminary in Hyderabad late on Wednesday night.
Two more madrasas, including a girls’ seminary, were raided on Thursday afternoon. The police, however, described the raids as verification exercises undertaken as part of the investigation into the twin blasts.
A police team swooped on the 25-year-old Darul Uloom Hyderabad, managed by eminent Islamic scholar Maulana Hameeduddin Aquil Hussami, in the dead of night and conducted a virtual identification parade of students and teachers. Most of the students in the madrasas are below 14 years old and several are orphans.
The midnight swoop angered the Muslim clergy, who said the police was "terrorising Muslims and branding them as terrorists". The police returned to the madrasa on Thursday morning for verification of records.
Maulana Aquil had campaigned for the Congress during the last Assembly elections and had shared a dais with senior Congress leaders, including Andhra Pradesh chief minister Y.S. Rajasekhar Reddy.
"A madrasa is an educational institution," said Maulana Khalid Saifullah Rahmani, general secretary of the Deeni Madaris Board. "It is open to all. Raiding a madrasa in the dead of night will send wrong signals and create communal frenzy."
The Madaris Board, the umbrella body of madrasas in Andhra Pradesh, held an emergency meeting on Thursday evening to denounce the police action as highhanded. It said several young students were traumatised by the presence of the police late in the night.
The board, comprising senior Islamic clergy, wondered what had forced the police to raid madrasas during the night when they could visit them without trouble in the morning.
Representatives of over three dozen top madrasas participated in the meeting and decided to call on chief minister Y.S. Rajasekhar Reddy after Friday prayers to lodge their protest. They also warned of a severe Muslim backlash if the Congress government did not desist from such actions.
"Madrasas create responsible and God-fearing citizens," said Maulana Hameeduddin Aquil, who chaired the meeting. "No terrorist has ever been rounded up from a madrasa in India. Even senior BJP leaders like L.K. Advani gave them a clean chit. If we come across any anti-national element, we will be the first ones to hand them over to the police."
Meanwhile, the police on Thursday afternoon raided Darul Uloom Anwarul Huda at Kishanbagh and Jamia Ayesha Siddiqa Lil Banat, a girls’ religious school at Misriganj, further angering the Islamic clergy.

Tablighi Jamaat has many enemies

August 2007
By SYED AKBAR
Guntur in 2000. Malegaon in 2006. Hyderabad 2007. Coincidentally or otherwise, a bomb always goes off around the time the Tablighi Jamaat (TJ) holds its ijtema (congregation). The TJ, an Islamic movement for the reawakening of Muslims, has enemies among Muslims as well as non-Muslims.
The TJ drew attention in the recent past because of its many high-profile followers in the Pakistan cricket team led by former captain Inzamam-ul Haq. The TJ group in the team was accused of trying to convert players and spending much of its time in prayer.
Founded in the 1920s by Maulana Muhammad Ilyas Kandhalawi of the Deoband school of Islamic thought, the TJ functions in two ways. In India it concentrates on Muslims but in the West where it has spread in the last three decades it takes up proselytising among non-Muslims.
Because of its missionary style, right-wing groups like the VHP and the RSS have always opposed the TJ and have even issued "stern warnings".
Senior educationist Yaser Amri points out, "The emergence of Tablighi Jamaat was a direct response to the rise of aggressive Hindu proselytising movements as Shuddhi and Sangathan, which launched massive efforts in the early 20th century to reconvert Hindus who had converted to Islam in the past. The Jamaat founder believed that only a grassroots Islamic religious movement could counter it."
Many Muslim organisations do not see eye to eye with the TJ not because of ideological differences but because of their one-upmanship.
TJ activists are not allowed into mosques by many mosque communities and this has forced the organisation to have its own mosques or Markaz.
A notable feature of the TJ is its regular congregations around the world. The Bangladesh ijtema is the biggest gathering with a turnout of more than 40 lakh people. The last ijtema in Hyderabad was held in 1994. It is now holding another international conference after a gap of 13 years.
Andhra Pradesh is one of the important states for the TJ, where it has a strong following in Hyderabad, Kurnool, Kadapa and Guntur. Unlike other Muslim religious organisations, the TJ believes in reawakening of faith and purification of the self and community.

Pollution Now Reaches The Sea

August 13, 2007
By Syed Akbar
Hyderabad, Aug 12: After playing havoc on land, pollution has now extended its fangs to the sea, killing scores of oceanic species including fish. Water quality in the entire sea coast in the State from Srikakulam to Nellore districts, particularly between Visakhapatnam and Kakinada, is badly affected upsetting the delicate marine ecology.
According to a study by the National Institute of Oceanography and a report by the city-based Environment Protection Training and Research Institute, the impact of anthropogenic or human interference, agricultural effluents and industrial wastes have led to deterioration of water quality, causing mass mortality of fish due to asphyxiation. It has also caused harmful plankton to grow in large numbers reducing the oxygen content in sea water.
"The coastal environment is being altered at ever-increasing rates, often without looking ahead at future consequences. This is due to a multitude of human activities. The coastal zone receives a vast quantity of sewage waste, dredge spoils, industrial effluents and river runoff. These markedly affect the composition and quality of coastal environment, causing marine pollution," points out the EPTRI report.
Bay of Bengal has a unique feature in that its water is always balanced. But pollution along the coast has affected even this well-balanced system. The total precipitation over the bay which exceeds evaporation by about 1500 cubic metres and the discharge of over 2000 cubic km of fresh water per annum from major river systems from the adjoining countries lead to a positive water balance in the Bay of Bengal.
Visakhapatnam harbour and Kakinada Bay are emerging as hotspot areas in the Andhra coast. Besides industrial and domestic wastes, port-related operations in Visakhapatnam and Kakinada and intensive aqua culture along the coast are the potential sources of coastal pollution.
Industrial units discharge effluents to the extent of 77.76 crore metres cube per day into inner harbour in Visakhaptnam along with a part of the domestic sewage (2.43 crore metres cube per day).
The land-locked nature of inner harbour its connection to the open sea through entrance channel and the outer harbour, inhibits to a significant extent, the circulation and tidal flushing of anthropogenic inputs into the open sea.
Some of the important observations in the studies include mass mortality of fish believed to be due to asphyxiation, periodic outbursts of blooms (harmful plankton) and near eutrophication conditions due to accumulation of high levels of nutrients and organic matter compiled with inadequate tidal flushing.
In addition, high levels of chlorophyll, primary production, particulate organic carbon, dissolved and particulate trace metals were observed in inner Vizag harbour. Rapid changes in composition and taxonomic diversity of phytoplankton, species diversity and zoonplankton and benthic fauna abundance, high pollution load indices were also reported in the inner harbour.
There were periodic outbursts of phytoplakton, notably Skelatonama Costatum and other species, leading to high values of chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen. Benthic conditions have also changed and only certain pollution tolerant species (Capitalla capitata) inhabited the bottom sediments that contained a heavy load of organic matter.
According to the report, increased pollution in the harbour led to the disappearance of stenoecious species and their replacement with other forms known for their tolerance to pollution.
Pollution load index in terms of trace metals in the inner channels of Visakhapatnam harbour are considered to be highly polluted while Kakinada bay is considered to be moderately polluted zone. Visakhaptnam region is dominated by industrial and domestic discharges while the Godavari and Kalingapatnam regions are influenced by agriculture and anthropogenic inputs from the adjacent river runoff.

And now pollution extends to seas

August 13, 2007
By Syed Akbar
Hyderabad, Aug 12: After playing havoc on land, pollution has now extended its fangs to the sea, killing scores of oceanic species including fish. Water quality in the entire sea coast in the State from Srikakulam to Nellore districts, particularly between Visakhapatnam and Kakinada, is badly affected upsetting the delicate marine ecology.
According to a study by the National Institute of Oceanography and a report by the city-based Environment Protection Training and Research Institute, the impact of anthropogenic or human interference, agricultural effluents and industrial wastes have led to deterioration of water quality, causing mass mortality of fish due to asphyxiation. It has also caused harmful plankton to grow in large numbers reducing the oxygen content in sea water.
"The coastal environment is being altered at ever-increasing rates, often without looking ahead at future consequences. This is due to a multitude of human activities. The coastal zone receives a vast quantity of sewage waste, dredge spoils, industrial effluents and river runoff. These markedly affect the composition and quality of coastal environment, causing marine pollution," points out the EPTRI report.
Bay of Bengal has a unique feature in that its water is always balanced. But pollution along the coast has affected even this well-balanced system. The total precipitation over the bay which exceeds evaporation by about 1500 cubic metres and the discharge of over 2000 cubic km of fresh water per annum from major river systems from the adjoining countries lead to a positive water balance in the Bay of Bengal.
Visakhapatnam harbour and Kakinada Bay are emerging as hotspot areas in the Andhra coast. Besides industrial and domestic wastes, port-related operations in Visakhapatnam and Kakinada and intensive aqua culture along the coast are the potential sources of coastal pollution.
Industrial units discharge effluents to the extent of 77.76 crore metres cube per day into inner harbour in Visakhaptnam along with a part of the domestic sewage (2.43 crore metres cube per day).
The land-locked nature of inner harbour its connection to the open sea through entrance channel and the outer harbour, inhibits to a significant extent, the circulation and tidal flushing of anthropogenic inputs into the open sea.
Some of the important observations in the studies include mass mortality of fish believed to be due to asphyxiation, periodic outbursts of blooms (harmful plankton) and near eutrophication conditions due to accumulation of high levels of nutrients and organic matter compiled with inadequate tidal flushing.
In addition, high levels of chlorophyll, primary production, particulate organic carbon, dissolved and particulate trace metals were observed in inner Vizag harbour. Rapid changes in composition and taxonomic diversity of phytoplankton, species diversity and zoonplankton and benthic fauna abundance, high pollution load indices were also reported in the inner harbour.
There were periodic outbursts of phytoplakton, notably Skelatonama Costatum and other species, leading to high values of chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen. Benthic conditions have also changed and only certain pollution tolerant species (Capitalla capitata) inhabited the bottom sediments that contained a heavy load of organic matter.
According to the report, increased pollution in the harbour led to the disappearance of stenoecious species and their replacement with other forms known for their tolerance to pollution.
Pollution load index in terms of trace metals in the inner channels of Visakhapatnam harbour are considered to be highly polluted while Kakinada bay is considered to be moderately polluted zone. Visakhaptnam region is dominated by industrial and domestic discharges while the Godavari and Kalingapatnam regions are influenced by agriculture and anthropogenic inputs from the adjacent river runoff.

Tackle the twin problem of iodine-iron deficiency

2007

Syed Akbar
As the Centre gears up for a nation-wide ban on non-iodised salt from Independence Day, nutrition experts warn that unless the twin problem of iodine and iron deficiency is tackled simultaneously, a vast section of population, particularly women and students, will continue to be at high health risk.
The Central government's decision, though belated, is welcome but it will solve only half of the major health problem facing the country. The Centre seems to be looking at only one side of the health coin when it presses for universal iodised salt. The problem of iron deficiency demands equal attention, if not more. A small change in government's outlook will bring a sea change in the health scenario of the country. It should popularise double fortified salt, containing both iron and iodine.
Thanks to pioneering research by Hyderabad-based National Institute of Nutrition, both iodine and iron deficiencies can now be tackled by use of single dose of common salt. According to rough estimates, 300 million people suffer from iron deficiency as compared to 170 million people with iodine-related problems.
"Double fortified salt is good for people suffering from both iron and iodine deficiencies. In Andhra Pradesh many people, particularly women and children suffer from iron deficiency related problems. NIN's salt helps in both ways. The double fortified salt may cost a little more and the Centre may subsidise it through PDS", says NIN deputy director KVR Sarma.
Health records show that about 10 per cent of the population in rural Andhra Pradesh suffer from iodine deficiency while a whopping 40 per cent from low iron (haemoglobin) content in blood. What is worse is that whenever a fresh survey is conducted in the country, it exposes newer pockets. Official figures put the number of people with iodine deficiency at around 17 crore including 22 lakh people with goitre due to malfunction of thyroid gland.
It was also the National Institute of Nutrition that successfully fortified iodine with common salt. The NIN's method is a low cost approach to control the problem, since salt is used universally in the country in food items. Iodised salt is safe as there is no change in organoleptic properties of foods. Double fortification with iron is also found to be safe.
Noted dietician Sunita Sapur says salt with iron and iodine is an "excellent idea" to contain common health problems in women and children. Deficiency of iron and iodine is quite common in the country, both in urban and rural areas.
The Central government's decision to reimpose ban on non-iodised salt follows a five-year-long study by the National Institute of Nutrition that no State or union territory in the country is free from iodine deficiency. The latest survey carried out in 40 select districts revealed that people in 21 districts are endemic to health problems and diseases caused by iodine deficiency. Even people living near sea coast are also consuming less iodine.
Ban on non-iodised salt was imposed in the country in 1997 but the Centre lifted it in 2000. Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra went in for partial ban while other States preferred a complete ban on non-fortified salt. Last year, Supreme court held that State governments could not impose ban on non-iodised salt on a permanent basis and this forced the Centre to plan for a nation-wide prohibition on salt without iodine content.
Under pressure from dieticians and nutrition experts the Andhra Pradesh government now decided to encourage salt farmers to set up facilities for mixing of iodine. Assistant salt commissioner AK Sharma points out that the government has mooted the idea to discontinue sale of salt without iodine as people in many areas in the State are prone to goitre. "Pregnant women and children are badly hit due to iodine deficiency. We will train salt farmers in modern techniques to boost iodised salt production in the State", he said.
Consultant endocrinologist Ravi Mehrotra argues that if iodine is not taken in sufficient quantities it will cause permanent damage to foetus and retard mental growth in later part of life. Iron in salt will an added advantage to solve the problem of anaemia along with goitre.
Several studies in Andhra Pradesh showed that 55 per cent of people consumed iodised salt with less than 5 ppm, although the percentage of population consuming salt with 15 ppm and more iodine was only 18.5 per cent. The National Family and Health Survey-II revealed that 27.4% of population consumed salt with 15 ppm of iodine. People in the coastal districts of Nellore (80 per cent), Visakhapatnam (76 per cent) and Prakasam (83 per cent) were consuming salt with less than 5 ppm of iodine.
The NIN study noted that India's population consumes salt with some amount of iodine, but only 49 percent uses adequately iodised salt. This figure fell to 37 percent after the lifting of the ban on non-iodised salt.
The State government estimates that nutritional deficiency among school aged children include iron deficiency (10.4 per cent, vitamin A deficiency (six per cent), other vitamin deficiency (15 per cent), disease of teeth and gums (6.4 per cent) and upper respiratory tract infections (6.7 per cent).


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Problems related to deficiency of iodine:
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1. Damage to brain
2. Low IQ in children with 10 to 15 points lower than the average
3. The deficiency syndrome starts right from the womb and continues to adulthood
4. Causes cretinism, an irreversible form of mental retardation
5. Abortions
6. Still birth
7. Defect in speech and hearing
8. Stiffness in joints and limbs


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Problems related to deficiency of iron
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1. Tiredness and fatigue
2. Low digestion levels
3. Dullness
4. Low haemoglobin levels (anaemia)
5. Mood changes
6. Decreased cognitive function
7. Poor concentration
8. Light headedness, headaches and ringing in the ears
9. Irritability, pale skin and restless syndrome

Artificial viruses have been developed to deliver nucleic acid to the targeted tumour in the body to kill the cancerous cells

Syed Akbar

Hyderabad: Artificial viruses have been developed to deliver nucleic acid to the targeted tumour in the body to kill the cancerous cells.

The development of artificial viruses through nanotechnology will bring about a sea change in the gene therapy research, which has thus far been in trouble due to a paucity of acceptable vector systems to deliver nucleic acids to patients for therapy.

According to Prof Andrew D Miller of Imperial College Genetic Therapies Centre, London, these improved synthetic non-viral vectors provide a solution to various infectious diseases and cancers of ovaries, cervix and lungs.

"Viral vectors are efficient but may be too dangerous. Synthetic non-viral vectors are inherently safer but are currently not efficient enough to be clinically viable. The solution for gene therapy lies with improved synthetic non-viral vectors systems," he pointed out.

Prof Miller is currently in Hyderabad interacting with scientists and researchers at the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology. The Genetic Therapies Centre has developed an alternative virus-like nanoparticle non-viral vector system.

"In doing this, we hope to develop a single non-viral vector platform technology system wherein all the fundamental problems could be solved simultaneously. Gratifyingly, the goal of a real non-viral vector platform technology system was recently achieved with the successful development of liposome:mu:DNA (LMD) systems," he pointed out.

These LMD systems offer the opportunity to derive tailor-made non-viral delivery systems by a process of systematic modular upgrading. Fundamentally, such systems have many potential advantages compared with virus-based vector systems including significantly lower toxicity/immunogenicity and potential for oncogenicity, size independent delivery of nucleic acids, significantly simpler quality control, and substantially easier pharmaceutical and regulatory requirements, according to Prof Miller.

He said pre-clinical trials are on and clinical trials are expected to begin from the new year.